Kent Field Club

FUNGI ON PILES OF WOOD CHIPPINGS.

David Mitchell and myself visited Randall Wood and Brewer’s Wood, Shorne Country Park , at the end of August/early September 2007 to check out the fungi and to see if David could increase the Myxomycete records for hectad TQ67.

Walking along a recently cleared ride, we noticed large piles of wood chippings of Sweet Chestnut. Some of these heaps were covered with large colonies of myxomycetes and a number of interesting agarics.

The myxomycetes included the common species Fuligo septica var. septica which was evident on the tops of most of the heaps but, additionally, several other interesting species including one new to the British Isles . Our first surprise was to notice extensive brown patches of the rare Stemonitopsis gracilis. Ample material was collected and David's identification was confirmed by Bruce Ing. Most exciting was the discovery of Arcyria globosa,which Bruce confirmed as a new species for the British list. Both these species are deposited in the Kew herbarium. The rare Diderma testaceum was another exciting find which was found hiding just beneath the surface of the chippings. Other areas of the heaps yielded the two ubiquitous species Didymium difforme and Metatrichia floriformis.

 

 

The larger fungi included several colonies of the uncommon Pluteus petasatus and the common Pluteus cervinus. Two species that have been found only recently in Britain were also present. Agrocybe rivulosa, first found and named in Holland in 2001, was making large clumps on one or two heaps in Brewer’s Wood. This was recorded at three other sites on chippings in Kent in 2006. The colourful Gymnopilus depilis, a very recently introduced alien, was colonising one heap in Randall Wood and was very abundant on another heap in Brewer’s Wood. This was first found in Britain on a heap of pine chippings at Brentmoor Heath, a Surrey Trust Reserve, by Ray Tantram and identified by David Pegler at Kew . Since that date it has been seen on heaps of chippings in Norfolk and in greenhouses at Edinburgh and Kew . Roy Watling wrote and illustrated an article about the species in 1998. He was familiar with the fungus in the wild in Malaysia . It is reported to be spreading in Germany and the Netherlands in greenhouses and on compost heaps. The colonies at Shorne are the first records from Kent .

The heaps of chippings are earmarked for spreading over the paths in the woods but Mark Read, the Warden at Shorne Country Park , has agreed to retain some of the heaps as an important and interesting habitat for fungi. One of the heaps in Brewer’s Wood was covered in large spider-webs These webs looked for all the world like large sheets of plastic.

David Mitchell & Joyce Pitt jp@floral.freeserve.co.uk

MORE NOTES ON KENTISH ORCHIDS

Over the past few years I have written articles about some Kent orchids in both the Newsletter of the Kent Field Club and the Bulletin of the Kent Field Club and I thought it might be of interest to readers if these were expanded a little and brought up to date. This is especially so, since the excellent new format for the Newsletter allows the publication of coloured photographs to supplement and give added interest to articles

GREEN-FLOWERED HELLEBORINE EPIPACTIS PHYLLANTHES

In the January 2004 edition of the Newsletter of the Kent Field Club (no. 57), I wrote about a new site in Kent for Epipactis phylllanthes, the green or pendulous - flowered helleborine.

This plant, despite being widespread in Britain , is included in “Scarce Plants in Britain ” (Stewart et. al. 1994) since it has been recorded only in eighty-five 10Km, squares since 1970, and most populations hold fewer than ten plants. In Kent , E. phyllanthes has always been rare. The “Atlas of the Kent Flora” (Philp, 1982) shows it present at three sites, although the orchid has since disappeared from one of these.

One site near Eynsford at TQ5364 still exists, but in 1999 I came across what I supposed to be a new site, when Mr. R. Brooks showed me a large colony of Green-flowered helleborines growing in a disused quarry near Swanscombe at TQ 5974. The site was a deep chalk cutting; now much overgrown. Although it was part of an S.N.C.I. which was being monitored by Kent Wildlife Trust, the Trust had been unaware of this E. phyllanthes colony prior to 1999. There were one hundred and forty flowering plants in 1999 and so the orchid had obviously been present on this site for some time. Subsequent to my article, I was very pleased to hear from Mr. John R. Palmer that he had recorded E. phyllanthes from the Swanscome site in 1979 and this was the record included in the 1982 Atlas as “a single plant seen by a mineral railway at Greenhithe”. Mr. Palmer mentions that on 13th July 1982 he counted twenty-seven spikes flowering at this site. It therefore appears that the Green-flowered helleborine has been present in the disused quarry for almost thirty years.

The latest news of this colony is, I’m afraid, rather bleak. In my previous article, I recorded counts of E. phyllanthes of three hundred and ninety in 2001; two hundred and twenty in 2002 and two hundred and fifty in 2003. “Scarce Plants in Britain” 1994, mentioned that a site in northern Britain probably held the largest national population of Green-flowered helleborines with a regular annual count in excess of one hundred spikes. So, during the early years of this century it is probable that the Swanscombe quarry site held the largest population in the country of this nationally scarce species.

Since then counts have sadly reduced markedly. two hundred and ten in 2004; seventy in 2005; no count in 2006, and only two in 2007. I was unable to gain access to the site in 2006 since it had been totally fenced, but with assistance from Kent Wildlife Trust, I managed a visit with an environmental consultant in August 2007. We could find only two flowering plants! Conditions do not seem to have changed dramatically in the quarry, so I am at a loss to explain the rapid decline. E. phyllanthes is a self-pollinated orchid so lack of pollinators cannot be an explanation. “Orchids of the British Isles ” 2005 (Foley & Clarke) comments of E. phyllanthes that “Populations appear to be somewhat transitory and may not persist for longer than thirty years or so”. It may therefore be that this Swanscombe population is naturally coming to an end. Time will tell!

After what appears to be rather sad news from the Swanscombe colony, I am pleased to relate a much more encouraging story from the only other extant Kentish site for E. phyllantes situated near Eynsford. Following my earlier article, Mr. Rodney Burton (Author of “Flora of the London Area” 1983) contacted me and provided a deal of information concerning the history of the Eynsford colony. The earliest date he had for the site was 1956 and Mr. David Lang (Author of “ Britain ’s Orchids” 2004 etc.) told me he used to visit the site in the late 1950’s when there were in excess of 100 flowering plants. It would therefore appear that the colony was present here before the 1950’s. Mr. Burton said that this population was severely damaged when the A225 road was re-aligned in early 1973.

I have been monitoring the Eynsford population since 1979, when numbers of flowering plants have usually been between twenty and thirty each year. In more recent years the count has shown a very satisfying increase from fifty-eight in 2004 to ninety-two in 2006 and one hundred and two in 2007. Most of the plants now flower at the bottom of a steep bank, and are fortunately afforded some refuge since they are flowering on a roadside verge registered as protected with Kent Wildlife Trust. The roadside plants are very small and weedy, seldom exceeding 20 cm. in height with between five and ten florets. However, about twenty plants each year flower under trees at the top of the bank, and these are mostly of larger stature, between 20 and 35 cm. tall, with up to fifteen florets.

Very interestingly, after writing my earlier article, I heard from Mr. Tom Hart-Dyke that a colony of Green-flowered helleborines used to flower along the river bank in the grounds of Lullingstone Castle . Mr. Hart-Dyke said there were usually thirty to forty flowering plants with a peak of about sixty. Some grew in clumps and reached up to a height of 40 cm. The colony was mainly under Horse Chestnut trees, but a few plants grew amongst Alder roots right down to the edge of the water. The trees were blown down in the Great Storm of 1987 and the helleborines did not reappear after that time. This colony of E. phyllanthes was only a few hundred metres from the extant Eynsford colony, but it falls in a different tetrad and was not recorded in the 1982 Atlas.

THE LIZARD ORCHID HIMANTOGLOSSUM HIRCINUM AT LULLINGSTONE PARK

In the January 2005 (No 61) edition of the Newsletter of the Kent Field Club, I wrote about the appearance of the Lizard Orchid, Himantoglossum hircinum, at Lullingstone Park , West Kent (V.C. 16) and updated this article last year in the Newsletter of the Kent Field Club of February 2007 (No. 65).

As may be expected, the very wet Summer of 2007, following an equally soggy winter, afforded no favours to the flowering of the Lizard Orchid population at Lullingstone Park . The Lizard is a “wintergreen” orchid, producing its large grey-green leaves in the form of a rosette during the Autumn. These leaves over-winter, and by Spring usually have blackened tips. Normally, only a modest proportion of the rosettes produce flowering spikes, but in 2006 the “conversion rate” of the Lullingstone colony was the best I had recorded when the twenty-eight rosettes which I counted in March produced eighteen flowering spikes by June. Probably because of the excessive wet, the 2007 season did not prove anything like so successful. I found a total of thirty-eight rosettes in March, but many of these appeared to blacken and rot off, leaving only six plants which actually flowered. I’m hoping for better in 2008.

 

However, the 2007 season provided one interesting consolation. Of the six plants which flowered, five were growing in a small area, but one particularly fine flowering spike appeared some distance from the main flowering area. This plant stood some 55cm. tall and was fully out when I saw it on 22nd June 2007 . My records show that a good specimen flowered in about the same spot in the year 2000, but not since. It is documented in “Orchids of Britain and Ireland” (2005, Harrap & Harrap) that individual plants of Lizard Orchid can be long lived, surviving for at least nineteen years after first emergence, but they may not flower every year. An individual plant in Sussex flowered in 1984 and then not again until 1995. So, it could be that the plant which flowered in 2007 at Lullingstone was the same one which flowered in 2000! The Lizard Orchid will never fail to amaze.

OPHRYS INSECTIFERA VAR. OCHROLEUCA THE “YELLOW” FLY ORCHID

In the 2007 Bulletin of the Kent Field Club (No. 52), I wrote an article on the occurrence in Kent of the “Yellow” Fly Orchid, Ophrys insectifera var. ochroleuca.

There are no sub-species of the Fly Orchid, Ophrys insectifera, but colour variations to the lip are occasionally found. Only one colour variant has proved to be consistently distinctive enough to be named, and this is the var. ochroleuca which has flowers of a pale yellow-green colour, with a whitish band (or speculum) across the middle of the lip (See illustration below). This is a very rare form which has only been recorded from Kent, Hampshire and Wiltshire ( Britain ’s Orchids, D. Lang 2004). My article described how a few plants of the variant flowered amongst a small population of “normal” fly orchids in a disused chalk pit at Burham (TQ7462) for a number of years up to 2002 but not since. Disappointingly, I was yet again unable to find var. ochroleuca in 2007. I fear that it may well now have disappeared from this site.

As mentioned above, although the Fly Orchid has no sub species, there can be variations in the form, the colour and the markings of the lip. Also, I had read in “Orchids of the British Isles ” (Foley & Clarke, 2005) that “flowers with more than one lip may sometimes be found”, although there were no illustrations. So, it was of great interest, when I recently received some pictures of variant Fly orchids, O. insectifera, from John and Irene Palmer. Three of these pictures, reproduced below, were all taken in Kent at High Elms, near Orpington, over a period of some twenty-five years.

The above colour variant is quite different from the “normal” colour form. (Compare it with the picture of the “normal” Fly Orchid shown above). There is a whitish band (or speculum) across the middle of the lip instead of the usual blue one. In addition, instead of the whole lip being brown, as is usual, the side lobes (“arms”) are green, as is the notched apex of the central broad lobe (“body”). The two rolled petals (“antennae”) are usually brown, but again in this variant they are green. The literature mentions that colour variants with yellow bordered lips have been recorded, but I have nowhere seen reference to a variant such as this. Unfortunately it appears that it did not persist.

Pictured above right is another Fly Orchid variant from High Elms. This one was triple-headed, Irene says that each floret had three lips fused into a single ovary. As mentioned earlier “Orchids of the British Isles ” says that flowers with more than one lip could be found, but this is the first time I have seen a photograph of such a plant. On another occasion, John and Irene recorded, again from High Elms, a twin-headed Fly Orchid (see the picture below). Again, Irene says both lips were fused into a single ovary.

In conclusion, I suppose that it may appear unusual that several variant fly orchids have occurred in a single population. However, again in “Orchids of the British Isles ”, there are illustrations of several colour variants which have all occurred in a single population of fly orchids in North Hampshire. So, it appears that whilst most colonies of fly orchids remain very stable, the odd colony displays the variation which is the basis for evolution.

References:

Foley, M. & Clarke, S. (2005) Orchids of the British Isles . Griffin Press.

Harrap, A. & S. (2005) Orchids of Britain and Ireland . A. & C. Black. London .

Lang, D. C. (2004) Britain’s Orchids. Old Basing, Hampshire: Wild Guides Ltd.

Philp, E. G. (1982) Atlas of the Kent Flora. Kent Field Club.

Stewart, A., Pearman, D. A. & Preston, C. D. (1994) Scarce Plants in Britain . Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough .

David Johnson 5 John’s Road, Meopham , Kent . DA13 OLP.

PROGRESS WITH RECORDING THE CRANEFLIES OF KENT

At the time of writing (25th January 2008) seven thousand one hundred and sixty-two records for one-hundred and ninety-six species of cranefly (Diptera: Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae, Pediciidae and Limoniidae), out of a British total of approximately three hundred and thirty, have been ascertained for the Watsonian vice-counties 15 ( East Kent ) and 16 ( West Kent ) with data on three other species requiring further research.

The collector/recorder statistics with number of species, number of records, number of grid references and year of last record, attributable to each is: P.A. Abery (1, 1, 1, 1956); G.W. Allen (1, 1, 1, 1987); P. Allen (2, 2, 1, 1998); E.E. Austen (1, 1, 1, 1893); J.S. Badmin (31, 64, 2, 2002); P. Bailey (26, 62, 23, 1974); I. Beavis (10, 13, 12, 2004); R.B. Benson (1, 1, 1, 1964); H. Bentley (11, 18, 14, 2007); K.G. Blair (1, 1, 1, 1929); F. Booth (1, 1, 1, 2007); A. Brindle (16, 16, 1, 1964); G. Brook (1, 1, 1, 1999); P.A. Buxton (2, 6, 1, 1953); P.J. Chandler (27, 58, 24, 1976); A.J. Chitty (12, 24, 5, 1914); L. Clemons (155, 3081, 614, 2007); R.A. Crowson (15, 24, 16, 1942); O. Davis (15, 21, 1, 2003); J.P.&.S. Dear (1, 1, 1, 1975); M. Dolling (1, 1, 1, 1976); H.St.John.K. Donisthorpe (1, 1, 1, 1893); C.M. Drake (66, 289, 24, 1986); * Dudgeon (1, 2, 1, 1923); A. Dunstan (1, 1, 1, 2001); S. Edwards (6, 6, 1, 1909); W.A. Ely (14, 18, 10, 1981); J.C. Felton (13, 34, 12, 1974); I.D. Ferguson (1, 1, 1, 2006); L. Flower (1, 1, 1, 1998); B.E. Freeman (82, 246, 4, 1967); B. Gale (1, 1, 1, 1922); A. Godfrey (7, 14, 5, 1988); W.R.O. Grant (1, 1, 1, 1907); E.E. Green (1, 1, 1, 1896); G. Hampson (1, 1, 1, 1891); E.G. Hancock (1, 1, 1, 1971); N.F. Heal (6, 6, 6, 2003); A. Hutson (15, 19, 9, 1973); M.P. Huxley (1, 1, 1, 1987); J.J.F.X. King (2, 2, 2, 1905); L.M. Lafford (1, 1, 1, 1931); C. Little (30, 46, 9, 1973); I.F.G. McLean (11, 16, 9, 1985); G. Meade-Waldo (1, 1, 1, 1910); A.V. Measday (3, 3, 3, 1986); D. Mills (1, 1, 1, 2007); R. Morris (11, 11, 2, 1989); L. Packer (1, 1, 1, 1977); L. Parmenter (12, 18, 5, 1965); E.G. Philp (66, 290, 168, 1993); C. Reid (3, 3, 2, 1973); J. Roche (3, 3, 2, 1974); A. Russell-Smith (1, 1, 1, 2002); J. Shorter (19, 37, 1, 2006); K.C. Side (96, 591, 249, 1979); A.E. Stubbs (154, 1825, 292, 2003); O. Thomas (2, 2, 1, 1892); H.J. Turner (1, 1, 1, 1909); Unknown (2, 2, 2, 1973); R.I. Vane-Wright (20, 45, 23, 1984); K.M. Venner (1, 1, 1, 1999); G.H. Verrall (10, 13, 1, 1896); G. Waller (64, 197, 27, 1982); T. Wilkinson (2, 2, 2, 1973); B. Woodhams (1, 1, 1, 2007) and J.W. Yerbury (4, 6, 4, 1912).

The species data, which may serve as a provisional checklist, with number of records, number of grid references, number of collectors/recorders and year of last record are presented below.

Ctenophora pectinicornis (Linnaeus) (8, 8, 6, 2006), Dictenidia bimaculata (Linnaeus) (6, 4, 4, 2003), Tanyptera atrata (Linnaeus) (1, 1, 1, 1979), Dolichopeza albipes (Ström) (10, 10, 5, 2004), Prionocera turcica (Fabricius) (4, 4, 2, 1988), Nephrotoma analis (Schummel) (1, 1, 1, 1981), Nephrotoma appendiculata (Pierre) (201, 182, 13, 2007), Nephrotoma cornicina (Linnaeus) (25, 23, 6, 2007), Nephrotoma dorsalis (Fabricius) (1, 1, 1, 1963), Nephrotoma flavescens (Linnaeus) (136, 107, 13, 2007), Nephrotoma flavipalpis (Meigen) (53, 44, 11, 2005), Nephrotoma guestfalica (Westhoff) (16, 15, 8, 2003), Nephrotoma quadrifaria (Meigen) (207, 173, 14, 2007), Nephrotoma scurra (Meigen) (17, 12, 5, 2007), Nephrotoma submaculosa Edwards (3, 3, 2, 1999), Nigrotipula nigra (Linnaeus) (23, 22, 4, 2006), Tipula fulvipennis De Geer (54, 44, 9, 2005), Tipula luna Westhoff (39, 34, 9, 2003), Tipula maxima Poda (41, 39, 14, 2006), Tipula vittata Meigen (39, 33, 10, 2007), Tipula unca Wiedemann (17, 17, 3, 2002), Tipula flavolineata Meigen (38, 34, 12, 2007), Tipula alpina Loew (1, 1, 1, 1963), Tipula cava Riedel (30, 29, 9, 2007), Tipula fascipennis Meigen (44, 41, 10, 2004), Tipula helvola Loew (23, 18, 6, 2007), Tipula livida van der Wulp (5, 5, 5, 2001), Tipula lunata Linnaeus (175, 159, 17, 2007), Tipula peliostigma Schummel (6, 6, 3, 2001), Tipula selene Meigen (2, 2, 2, 2006), Tipula vernalis Meigen (238, 218, 20, 2007), Tipula luteipennis Meigen (14, 12, 7, 2005), Tipula melanoceros Schummel (1, 1, 1, 1961), Tipula irrorata Macquart (18, 16, 9, 1979), Tipula pabulina Meigen (17, 17, 6, 2004), Tipula pseudovariipennis Czizek (9, 9, 3, 2007), Tipula submarmorata Schummel (7, 7, 5, 2004), Tipula varipennis Meigen (136, 126, 14, 2007), Tipula confusa van der Wulp (43, 36, 12, 2007), Tipula holoptera Edwards (3, 3, 3, 1995), Tipula obsoleta Meigen (15, 13, 6, 2005), Tipula pagana Meigen (30, 26, 10, 2007), Tipula rufina Meigen (11, 10, 5, 2000), Tipula signata Staeger (5, 5, 3, 1994), Tipula staegeri Nielsen (25, 21, 8, 2007), Tipula variicornis Schummel (12, 11, 4, 2003), Tipula yerburyi Edwards (5, 5, 3, 2003), Tipula oleracea Linnaeus (249, 223, 17, 2007), Tipula paludosa Meigen (324, 281, 16, 2007), Tipula subcunctans Alexander (4, 4, 3, 1994), Tipula hortorum Linnaeus (5, 4, 2, 1999), Tipula scripta Meigen (36, 33, 14, 2007), Tipula couckei Tonnoir in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (2, 2, 2, 1961), Tipula lateralis Meigen (98, 87, 11, 2007), Tipula pierrei Tonnoir in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (31, 28, 8, 2007), Tipula pruinosa Wiedemann (9, 9, 3, 2003), Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen) (16, 16, 4, 2003), Phalacrocera replicata (Linnaeus) (2, 2, 2, 2001), Dicranota bimaculata (Schummel) (13, 13, 4, 2002), Dicranota claripennis (Verrall) (10, 7, 4, 2002), Dicranota pavida (Haliday) (14, 14, 3, 2003), Dicranota subtilis Loew (2, 2, 1, 2003), Pedicia littoralis (Meigen) (4, 4, 3, 2000), Pedicia rivosa (Linnaeus) (15, 13, 8, 2003), Tricyphona immaculata (Meigen) (130, 115, 11, 2007), Tricyphona schummeli Edwards (5, 4, 3, 2003), Ula mixta Stary (1, 1, 1, 2003), Ula mollissima Haliday (34, 28, 9, 2007), Ula sylvatica (Meigen) (24, 16, 6, 2006), Cheilotrichia cinerascens (Meigen) (95, 75, 12, 2007), Crypteria limnophiloides Bergroth (6, 6, 2, 2000), Ellipteroides lateralis (Macquart) (25, 22, 3, 2006), Erioconopa diuturna (Walker) (3, 3, 3, 2000), Erioconopa trivialis (Meigen) (63, 55, 10, 2006), Erioptera divisa (Walker) (8, 7, 3, 1995), Erioptera flavata (Westhoff) (14, 12, 6, 1998), Erioptera fuscipennis Meigen (36, 31, 5, 2003), Erioptera fusculenta Edwards (29, 26, 6, 2006), Erioptera griseipennis Meigen (22, 21, 5, 2003), Erioptera limbata Loew (2, 2, 2, 1986), Erioptera lutea Meigen (105, 85, 10, 2006), Erioptera squalida Loew (5, 5, 1, 1981), Erioptera verralli Edwards (2, 2, 1, 2002), Erioptera bivittata (Loew) (17, 17, 5, 1999), Gnophomyia viridipennis (Gimmerthal) (6, 5, 3, 2005), Gonempeda flava (Schummel) (28, 28, 5, 1999), Gonomyia abscondita Lackschewitz (1, 1, 1, 1995), Gonomyia lucidula de Meijere (3, 3, 1, 1981), Gonomyia recta Tonnoir in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (23, 23, 3, 2003), Gonomyia simplex Tonnoir in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (5, 5, 2, 1986), Ilisia maculata (Meigen) (57, 52, 7, 2006), Ilisia occoecata edwards (21, 21, 4, 2003), Molophilus appendiculatus (Staeger) (47, 44, 6, 2004), Molophilus bifidus Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (15, 15, 4, 2003), Molophilus bihamatus de Meijere (3, 3, 1, 2002), Molophilus cinereifrons de Meijere (37, 36, 5, 2003), Molophilus corniger de Miejere (8, 8, 2, 2003), Molophilus crassipygus de Meijere (2, 2, 2, 2003), Molophilus curvatus Tonnoir in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (1, 1, 1, 1994), Molophilus flavus Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (2, 2, 1, 2003), Molophilus griseus (Meigen) (72, 64, 7, 2007), Molophilus lackschewitzianus (Alexander) (6, 6, 3, 2000), Molophilus medius de Meijere (24, 20, 5, 2005), Molophilus niger Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (1, 1, 1, 1989), Molophilus obscurus (Meigen) (35, 33, 4, 2004), Molophilus occultus de Meijere (13, 8, 4, 2005), Molophilus ochraceus (Meigen) (27, 27, 6, 2004), Molophilus pleuralis de Meijere (15, 15, 3, 2003), Molophilus serpentiger Edwards (36, 32, 4, 2002), Neolimnophila placida (Meigen) (2, 2, 2, 1975), Ormosia albitibia Edwards (1, 1, 1, 1982), Ormosia bicornis (de Meijere) (3, 3, 1, 1993), Ormosia depilata Edwards (9, 9, 3, 2002), Ormosia hederae (Curtis) (33, 32, 8, 2007), Ormosia lineata (Meigen) (29, 25, 5, 2007), Ormosia nodulosa (Macquart) (142, 131, 12, 2007), Ormosia pseudosimilis (Lundström) (4, 4, 2, 1995), Rhypholophus bifurcatus Goetghebuer in Goetghebuer & Tonnoir (23, 20, 4, 2007), Rhypholophus haemorrhoidalis (Zetterstedt) (1, 1, 1, 2000), Rhypholophus varius (Meigen) (27, 25, 6, 2007), Symplecta stictica (Meigen) (225, 197, 10, 2007), Symplecta hybrida (Meigen) (20, 20, 5, 2000), Tasiocera fuscescens (Lackschewitz) (4, 4, 2, 1987), Tasiocera murina (Meigen) (5, 4, 2, 2003), Trimicra pilipes (Fabricius) (3, 3, 2, 2007), Austrolimnophila ochracea (Meigen) (235, 197, 12, 2007), Eloeophila maculata (Meigen) (45, 42, 7, 2003), Eloeophila submarmorata (Verrall) (31, 25, 7, 2004), Eloeophila trimaculata (Zetterstedt) (1, 1, 1, 2002), Epiphragma ocellare (Linnaeus) (79, 76, 11, 2006), Euphylidorea aperta (Verrall) (11, 7, 4, 2003), Euphylidorea dispar (Meigen) (40, 37, 8, 2007), Euphylidorea lineola (Meigen) (19, 18, 7, 2005), Euphylidorea meigenii (Verrall) (1, 1, 1, 2004), Limnophila pictipennis (Meigen) (6, 6, 3, 1995), Limnophila schranki Oosterbroek (9, 7, 3, 2002), Neolimnomyia adjuncta (Walker) (27, 26, 7, 2003), Neolimnomyia nemoralis (Meigen) (77, 69, 10, 2004), Neolimnomyia batava (Edwards) (2, 2, 1, 2003), Neolimnomyia filata (Walker) (16, 16, 4, 1995), Paradelphomyia dalei (Edwards) (23, 22, 3, 2003), Paradelphomyia fuscula (Loew) (2, 2, 2, 2001), Paradelphomyia nielseni (Kuntze) (1, 1, 1, 1970), Paradelphomyia senilis (Haliday) (43, 37, 6, 2003), Phylidorea fulvonervosa (Schummel) (31, 24, 10, 2003), Phylidorea abdominalis (Staeger) (1, 1, 1, 1959), Phylidorea ferruginea (Meigen) (76, 72, 10, 2006), Phylidorea squalens (Zetterstedt) (1, 1, 1, 1959), Pilaria discicollis (Meigen) (57, 51, 7, 2003), Pilaria fuscipennis (Meigen) (14, 14, 2, 2003), Pilaria scutellata (Staeger) (5, 5, 2, 1990), Pseudolimnophila lucorum (Meigen) (37, 32, 5, 2003), Pseudolimnophila sepium (Verrall) (33, 29, 4, 2003), Achyrolimonia decemmaculata (Loew) (18, 15, 8, 2002), Antocha vitripennis (Meigen) (3, 3, 1, 1999), Atypophthalmus inustus (Meigen) (10, 10, 3, 1990), Dicranomyia affinis (Schummel) (1, 1, 1, 2002), Dicranomyia aperta Wahlgren (2, 2, 1, 1995), Dicranomyia autumnalis (Staeger) (5, 5, 4, 1994), Dicranomyia chorea (Meigen) (180, 144, 15, 2007), Dicranomyia didyma (Meigen) (5, 5, 3, 2002), Dicranomyia distendens Lundström (1, 1, 1, 1963), Dicranomyia lucida de Meijere (8, 7, 2, 1995), Dicranomyia lutea auctt. (14, 14, 3, 2006), Dicranomyia mitis (Meigen) (59, 53, 7, 2004), Dicranomyia modesta (Meigen) (97, 87, 11, 2007), Dicranomyia sera (Meigen) (26, 23, 6, 2007), Dicranomyia ventralis (Schummel) (13, 11, 5, 1998), Dicranomyia sericata (Meigen) (13, 12, 6, 2002), Dicranomyia danica Kuntze (8, 8, 4, 2000), Dicranomyia melleicauda complicata de Meijere (1, 1, 1, 1966), Dicranomyia morio (Fabricius) (23, 21, 6, 2006), Dicranomyia fusca (Meigen) (58, 50, 4, 2007), Dicranoptycha fuscescens (Schummel) (2, 2, 2, 2001), Geranomyia unicolor Haliday (1, 1, 1, 1974), Helius flavus (Walker) (21, 20, 5, 1999), Helius longirostris (Meigen) (18, 18, 7, 2003), Helius pallirostris Edwards (18, 18, 5, 1998), Limonia dilutior (Edwards) (7, 7, 5, 2003), Limonia flavipes (Fabricius) (122, 110, 12, 2006), Limonia macrostigma (Schummel) (70, 58, 6, 2007), Limonia maculipennis (Meigen) (3, 3, 1, 2001), Limonia nigropunctata (Schummel) (48, 42, 11, 2006), Limonia nubeculosa Meigen (466, 363, 22, 2007), Limonia phragmitidis (Schrank) (257, 227, 13, 2007), Limonia stigma (Meigen) (10, 7, 6, 1986), Limonia trivittata (Schummel) (8, 6, 4, 2002), Lipsothrix nervosa Edwards (22, 22, 3, 2003), Lipsothrix remota (Walker) (41, 37, 3, 2004), Metalimnobia bifasciata (Schrank) (22, 13, 8, 2007), Metalimnobia quadrimaculata (Linnaeus) (1, 1, 1, 1981), Metalimnobia quadrinotata (Meigen) (19, 16, 6, 2003), Neolimonia dumetorum (Meigen) (130, 116, 13, 2007), Rhipidia maculata Meigen (93, 72, 15, 2006), Rhipidia uniseriata Schiner (5, 5, 3, 1999) and Thaumastoptera calceata Mik (16, 13, 4, 2004).

Laurence Clemons